April 5, 2025

7 thoughts on “The Year without a Summer

  1. The ash didn't do the reflecting, the SO2 combined with H2O to make H2SO4 which as a gas and not a particulate with weight, remained in the stratosphere for prolonged periods and having high reflectivity/albedo… significantly reduced incoming shortwave radiation resulting in global temperature decline. In opposition, Hunga Tunga Huapai erupted with very little SO2 to create H2SO4, but increased H2O in the stratosphere and mesosphere and resulted in trapping outgoing longwave radiation increasing global temperatures for the last 2 years (though also coincident with a strong El Nino/ENSO signal… that contributed sizably to the increased average temperature as well)

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