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Global Warming:
Global warming refers to the long-term increase in Earth’s average surface temperature due to human activities, primarily the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and nitrous oxide (N₂O). These gases trap heat in the atmosphere, leading to the “greenhouse effect.”
Key causes include:
1. Burning of Fossil Fuels: Activities like electricity generation, transportation, and industrial processes release large amounts of CO₂.
2. Deforestation: Trees absorb CO₂, and when they are cut down, this carbon is released back into the atmosphere.
3. Agriculture and Livestock: Methane, a potent greenhouse gas, is produced by livestock and rice paddies.
Consequences of global warming include:
– Rising Temperatures: Global average temperatures have risen by about 1.2°C since the late 19th century.
– Melting Ice and Rising Sea Levels: Polar ice caps and glaciers are melting, contributing to rising sea levels, which threaten coastal regions.
– Extreme Weather: More frequent and severe weather events, including hurricanes, droughts, and heatwaves, are becoming common.
Efforts to combat global warming include reducing emissions through renewable energy, energy efficiency, reforestation, and international agreements like the Paris Agreement, which aims to limit global temperature rise to below 2°C.
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TAKE THE RED PILL
The meteorological systems called the Northern and Southern Hadley Cells, with the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) around their centre cover about 32% of the planet's surface. Any changes within the sweep of the Hadley cells will affect conditions within the ITCZ. The importance of this is that the cloud mass within the ITCZ reflects incoming solar heat back out to space:
Less cloud = more heat. More cloud = less heat.
Have humans affected the balance in the ITCZ's governance of the solar heat budget? YES.
Are those effects enough to produce the additional heat gradient, commonly referred to as global warming? YES.
So how do humans produce such an effect? The annual, July to October flooding of the lower Nile created a warm, shallow, 26,000km2 evaporative surface in the Sahara Desert. The 13.5mm (4,000m3/s) of water evaporated per day was pulled south by the Northern Hadley cell when every few days it would rise onto the Ethiopian Highlands where it would create a disturbance within the west flowing monsoon, to create a Keremt storm. The Keremt storm pushed westwards across Sub Saharan Africa (5,N to 20,N) would become organised into African Easterly Waves (AEW) which eventually formed USA sized solar reflective marine stratocumulus cloudscapes. By putting dams on the Nile at Aswan form 1902 we inadvertently regulated this meteorological chain reaction, mostly by reducing the frequency of the AEWs, thus reduced the cloud cover over the equatorial oceans = the oceans became warmer, and distributed this additional heat poleward and into the atmosphere. From 1964 when the AHD completely stored the flood in a much smaller and deeper reservoir, the frequency of the AEWs reduced again = even more solar heat.
This can obviously be checked by producing an anomaly chart of the ocean surface affected by the AEW system. Integrating that with other data for rainfall and river-flow. Suggesting in 1945 to 1964 mean value. Theromcline: -20m min. Temp gradient of Canary current from 23N to 17N, July to Sept.
THIS IS THE RED PILL