Sustainability by Jose 
What if history already proved how fast climate can shift?
In 1816, the world faced a shocking disruption. Snow in June. Crop failures. Mass famine.
It became known as The Year Without a Summer — caused by the massive eruption of Mount Tambora in Indonesia.
That single event cooled the planet by over 0.5°C.
The result? Economic collapse, food riots, and health crises across multiple continents.
📡 Today, scientists use 1816 as a benchmark case of abrupt climate forcing — helping us model the risks of:
– Geoengineering
– Volcanic aerosols
– Climate tipping points
And while that event cooled the Earth, today we’re doing the opposite — heating it rapidly.
📡 Satellite data now confirms a changing climate and accelerating nature loss — destabilising the systems we rely on:
food, water, finance, and health.
📚 References:
– Robock, A. (2000) Reviews of Geophysics
– Smithsonian Institution: Mount Tambora
– Oppenheimer, C. (2003) Progress in Physical Geography
– IPCC AR6 (2021): Volcanic forcing models
– NOAA Climate Archives
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