Earth Summit & Conventions: 3 Aspects – Climate Change, Biodiversity & Sustainable Development

Dr. Manishika Jain explains the Earth Summit Key Aspects.
1972: UN Conference on the Human Environment, held in Stockholm – United Nations Environment Program established
Earthwatch: UNEP keeps constant surveillance on environment.
Global Environment Outlook (GEO): UNEP publishes this report. 5th report (GEO-5) released in 2012.
Agenda 21
Non-binding
Voluntary
Action plan of United Nations
Related with sustainable development
Can be executed at local, national, and global levels
“21” refers to the 21st Century

Agenda 21 @4:41
Rio Declaration @5:40
Statement of Forest Principles @6:57
Cartagena Protocol @7:42
Aichi Targets @10:19
Nagoya Genetic Resource Protocol @11:17
Classification of Parties to UNFCC – 2015 @11:54
Climate Change Initiatives @13:46
World’s First Climate Conference @14:34
Berlin Mandate @16:27
Kyoto Protocol @17:24
Copenhagen Accord @21:10
Cancun @21:59
Doha Amendment @22:41
Lima @23:12
Paris Agreement @23:52
Marrakech, Morocco @24:50
#Genetic #Ecosystem #Ratified #Conservation #Criteria #Poverty #Commitment #Assembly #Sustainable #Voluntary #Manishika #Examrace

Rio Declaration
27 principles & 3rd generation rights
Rio+10 (2002) – full implementation of Agenda 21
Rio+20 (2012) – renew political commitment, implement gaps & address challenges – 20 yr gap b/w 1992 and 2012
Poverty Reduction
Clean Energy
Sustainable Development
7 Priority Areas: Job, Energy, Cities, Food, Water, Ocean & Disaster
49 page document – “Future we want”

Statement of Forest Principles
First global consensus on forest
Developed nations should work to green the world
Develop forest based on socio-economic needs
Provide financial resources for development
1994: Working Group on Criteria and Indicators for the Conservation and Sustainable Management of Temperate and Boreal Forests started

Cartagena Protocol
Or Biosafety Protocol
CoP 5 – opened for signature (2000)
Adopted in 2000 & ratified in 2003 & came in force 2004
Living Modified Organisms (LMOs) by biotechnology
Transboundary movement & handling
Balance public health against economic benefits
Precautionary approach in Principle 15 of Rio
Establish biosafety clearing house

Aichi Targets
CoP (Conference of Parties 10) held at Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
Biodiversity protection targets – 10 year framework
Short term by 2020 as “Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020”
Long term by 2050
20 Targets in 5 Sections (A to E)
Goal A: Address causes of biodiversity loss
Goal B: Reduce direct pressure on biodiversity and promote sustainable use
Goal C: Safeguard ecosystems, species and genetic diversity
Goal D: Biodiversity benefits to all
Goal E: Participatory planning, capacity building

Nagoya Genetic Resource Protocol
Came in force in 2014
Fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from use of genetic resources
Access and Benefit-sharing Clearing-House – facilitate implementation, transparency and monitoring
Create legal certainty

Classification of Parties to UNFCC -2015
Annex-I: 43 nations + EU – Industrialized nations and economies in transition (EITs)
Annex-II: From annex –I, 24 nations + EU – members of OECD – provide support to EITs & developing nations
Non-Annex-I: Low income developing countries
LDCs: 49 nations under special status
Protocol: International agreement that stands on its own but is linked to an existing convention

Climate Change Initiatives

World’s First Climate Conference
In 1979
In Geneva
By WMO
Establishment of World Climate Program & World Climate Research Program
Creation of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) by WMO & UNEP in 1988

World’s Second Climate Conference
In 1990
In Geneva
Review World Climate Program
Establishment of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
Establishment of Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) – global observing system of systems for climate and climate-related observations

World’s Third Climate Conference
In 2009
In Geneva
Focus on Climatic predictions
Contribute to achievement of United Nations Millennium Development Goals
Contribute to Hyogo Framework for Action on Disaster Risk Reduction (2005-2015)

Berlin Mandate
Kyoto Protocol
Copenhagen Accord
Cancun
2010 in Cancun, Mexico
Doha Amendment
Lima
Paris Agreement
Marrakech, Morocco
CoP 22 & CMP 12 in 2016

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